A hysterectomy is a surgical procedure conducted to remove a woman’s uterus and is commonly performed to treat conditions such as uterine fibroids, endometriosis, chronic pelvic pain, or cancer of the uterus, cervix, or ovaries. The procedure can be performed in several ways, depending on the medical indications and the patient’s condition. The primary types of hysterectomy include total hysterectomy (removal of the entire uterus including the cervix), partial or subtotal hysterectomy (removal of the upper part of the uterus while leaving the cervix intact), and radical hysterectomy (removal of the uterus along with surrounding tissues, which may include the cervix, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and nearby lymph nodes, typically in cancer cases).

The procedure can be done through various surgical techniques. An abdominal hysterectomy, where an incision is made in the lower abdomen, is often performed for larger fibroids or cancer-related procedures that require broader access to the pelvic organs. A vaginal hysterectomy, where the uterus is removed through the vaginal canal, is less invasive and suitable for conditions like prolapse. Additionally, a laparoscopic hysterectomy, which involves smaller incisions and uses a camera for guidance, allows for a quicker recovery due to its minimally invasive nature. During the surgery, the patient is under general anesthesia, and post-operative care involves managing pain, monitoring for complications, and gradually returning to normal activities over weeks. The choice of hysterectomy type and technique depends on various factors, including the patient’s medical history, specific condition, and the surgeon’s expertise.